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Human security in the cyber environment: Risks and key protection issues

Gerelchimeg Kaliinaa, Ideshnorov Demberel, Tsogzolboo Otgonbayar, Enkhbaatar Chinbat

Breakthroughs in digital innovation, including artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, have opened numerous opportunities across various aspects of human life. However, these technological developments also entail significant risks, such as the collecti…

Keywords: Digital environment, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), personal data, surveillance, manipulation, algorithm issue of human security in digital environments has transcended a purely technological domain, becoming a complex, multidisciplinary challenge that demands coordinated efforts from social, economic, psychological, legal, and educational sectors. Ensuring the security and reliability of cyberspace necessitates collaborative efforts among governments, technology firms, civil society, and individuals. I. INTRODUCTION Today, human daily life and social relations are directly dependent on technology, and the cyber environment has become an integral part of human life. As cyberspace expands1, It has become difficult to maintain human dignity, freedom, and social status, and it has brought with it a variety of “risks.” The issue of human security in the cyber environment is a set of measures, principles, practices, and technological policies to “protect2” individuals and their information assets, reputation, and emotional state in the digital space3. Some aspects of human security in the cyber environment, its risks, and protection. Human safety in the cyber environment is a comprehensive concept that encompasses ensuring the physical and psychological well-being of individuals in digital environments, including the Internet, as well as the responsible use of technology. Protecting oneself from the excessive use of technology and its direct and indirect dependence is a crucial aspect of electronic environment security. This problem evolves with the development of technology and requires the joint efforts and policies of individuals, organizations, and governments. Therefore, ensuring human security in the cyber environment is not only a technical solution, but also an important issue of social relations that requires multi- faceted joint measures such as education, psychology, awareness, knowledge, and legal regulation. In today's digital era, the risks to human security in the cyber environment are increasing day by day, and their harm is increasing, and they are becoming more complex and integrated. Here are the most common risks: ✓ Risks related to loss of personal information. Organizations and companies are exposed to the unauthorized collection of user data from big data, application platforms, 1 About cyber security. Law of Mongolia. December 17, 2021. 4.1.2. Clause in "Cyberspace" means the physical and non-physical domain consisting of the Internet and other information and communication networks and the interdependent complex of information infrastructures that support their operation. 2 “Dictionary of Communication and Information Technology Terms". SHUTIS, ХМТГ, Universal Duty Fund, MUIS, UB., 2021 3 National baseline survey report on children's online safety. Telecommunications Regulatory Commission. EMMC LLC.07.09.2020. ”TSATS” DOI: https://doi.org/10.65902/tsats.2026.01.002 Vol. 25 No 55 (2026) 34 and applications in the cyber environment, loss of data integrity, misuse of data, theft of "biometric information4" and theft of personal values. ✓ Risks from cyber-attacks. These include software attacks such as electronic device viruses5, malware6, ransomware7, and backdoor attacks8, and network attacks such as DDoS attacks, network espionage, and man-in-the-middle attacks9. ✓ Risk of social engineering. In addition to fraud-related attacks, such as phishing and business email scams, designed to trick users into disclosing their personal information, and social manipulation tactics like trust fraud, blackmail, and phishing, there are also other forms of social manipulation. ✓ Social media risk. Cyberbullying includes social relational risks such as discrimination, defamation, and doxing, and psychological risks such as cyber addiction, psychological distress, and negative content effects. ✓ Risks related to fake information and content. It includes risks related to the quality of information, such as fake news10, misinformation11, and disinformation12, and risks related to artificial intelligence technologies, such as fake content created by artificial intelligence, fake profiles, fake images, photos, audio, and video. ✓ Risks faced by children and adolescents. These include child safety risks such as cyber-grooming13exposure to pornographic and illegal content, disclosure of personal information, and social development risks such as online bullying, excessive screen dependence, and the negative effects of social media. ✓ Financial risk. It consists of e-fraud and fraud risks such as online shopping fraud, investment fraud and online gaming fraud, and settlement risks such as payment card fraud, online banking fraud, and third-party payment fraud. ✓ Risks related to surveillance in the cyber environment. Risks related to surveillance and espionage, such as big data collection, Internet monitoring, and 4 About the protection of personal information. Law of Mongolia. December 17, 2021. Clause 4.1.1: non- overlapping physical data related to a person's body, such as fingerprints, iris, face, voice, and body movement characteristics that can be used to identify a person with the help of equipment, hardware, or software. 5 See reference4. Viruses (self-replicating code and attacks that infect files by attaching themselves to clean files and spreading throughout the computer system); 6 See reference4. Malware (malware is usually an easy money-making and political cyber-attack); 7 See reference4. Ransomware (an attack aimed at extorting money from the user by extracting the user's files and data); 8 See reference4. Back door (An attack in which an attacker uses a vulnerability in the network to access the necessary information to damage the server and other things through its users). 9 See reference4. Man-in-the-Middle (a Cyber attack in which a cybercriminal infiltrates the communication between two users and steals information); 10 See reference4. False news (deliberately disseminating completely false information about the relevant subjects and people in the form of official news and information by means of brainwashing or with abstract evidence for the purpose of misleading, concealing the truth, or creating a scandal); 11 See reference4. Misinformation (the process of using true information for other purposes and leading to incorrect conclusions. In some cases, the failure of information integrity is caused by a misunderstanding without a clear intention or purpose. 12 See reference4. Disinformation is false or misleading information deliberately spread to deceive people, or to secure economic or political gain and which may cause public harm. 13 See reference 4. Cyber grooming is the process of ‘befriending’ a young person online to facilitate online sexual contact and/or a physical meeting with them to commit sexual abuse.

The impact of patriotic Mongolians on national resilience

Bayarmunkh Bulten

Many countries around the world are developing and implementing national resilience strategies tailored to their unique characteristics, thereby strengthening their ability to respond to and recover from crises. For Mongolia, it is essential to analyze the current national resili…

Keywords: National resilience, key component of national resilience, strategy of national resilience, patriotism, patriot

Grounds for rational versions of budget finance of defense

Enkhchimeg Dolgorsuren, Erdenetuya Ganbaatar, Battsengel Lkhundev, Galbadrakh Ganbat

: This article examines the suitable options for financing the defense budget, the budget classification methodology, and an optimal financial allocation methodology from a systems perspective. In the current era of increasing globalization, new conditions in international relati…

Keywords:

Methodology for the evaluation of innovation outputs

Lkhagvadorj Bayarsaikhan

Innovation serves as a cornerstone of socio- economic progress and national competitiveness in the global knowledge-based economy. In an era characterized by rapid technological advancement and accelerated digital transformation, nations that successfully govern, evaluate, and nu…

Keywords: Innovation output, evaluation methodology, assessment, innovation indicators

Knowledge economy index, and change analysis

Gandolgor Dorjgotov

This research examines the changes in Mongolia’s Knowledge Economy Index from 2019 to 2023, as well as the sub-indicators that influence it, at both theoretical and empirical levels. The theoretical foundation of this research is built upon the theories of the knowledge economy, …

Keywords: Innovation, service economy, intellectual property, research and development expense, human capital

Ways to protect women from crime of human trafficking

Indrabud Munkhbaatar, Batdolgor Jadavaa

Human trafficking includes various forms of exploitation, including recruitment, collection, transportation, and forced labor of recruited girls and women, forced sexual exploitation, forced sexual exploitation for other sexual purposes (pornography), forced marriage or adoption …

Keywords: Human traffick, Transnational organized gangs, Criminal, Protocol against human traffick, Organ traffick, Ssexual exploitation

The impact of employee participation and managerial support on organizational development

Khishigjargal Jambaldorj

An organization is understood as a unit with a defined structure and system, established to achieve specific objectives and implement particular activities. The foundation of an organization’s success and development is determined not only by managerial decisions and policies but…

Keywords: Organizational Development, Employee Contribution, Managerial Support

Research on the possibility of increasing the middle class of Mongolia

Bujlkham Makhbal

Political instability in a country creates conditions that can lead to economic and governance crises, and ultimately deepen into a broader social crisis. Therefore, strengthening and expanding the middle class—which plays a crucial role in ensuring political and economic stabili…

Keywords: Quality of life, household budget, middle class, workforce